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DITCHES AND PONDS CAN BE THE SOURCES OR SINKS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: OBSERVATIONS IN AN UPLAND

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 607-626 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023517

摘要：

As the common features of agroecosystems, ditches and ponds benefit the irrigation and drainage, as well as intercepting non-point source pollutants. However, most ditch-pond studies have been conducted in lowland areas. To test this source-sink assumption in upland areas, this study made observations on the ecological function of the ditch and pond system in a typical catchment in China. First, the changes in ponds in the catchment were analyzed using high-resolution remote sensing data. Then, the migration of agricultural pollutants in ditches and ponds were analyzed by field sampling and laboratory detection. The results showed that over the past 15 years the length of ditches in the catchment and the number of small ponds (< 500 m2) have increased by 32% and 75%, respectively. The rate of change in nutrient concentrations in the ditches and ponds were mostly from −20% to 20%, indicating ditches and ponds can be both sources and sinks for agricultural pollutants. Lastly, the contributing factors were explored and it was found that ditches and ponds are important sinks in dry season. However, during the rainy season, ditches and ponds become sources of pollutants, with the rapid drainage of ditches and the overflow of ponds in upland areas. The results of this study revealed that the ditches and ponds could be used for ecological engineering in upland catchments to balance drainage and intercept pollutants.

关键词： ditches     ponds     non-point source pollution     mountainous areas     nitrogen     phosphorus    

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CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 559-567 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020344

摘要：

Intensifying human activity in the Yangtze River basin has substantially increased nutrient concentrations in the Yangtze River Estuary, leading to degradation of the coastal environment. Analysis of nutrient determinations published over the past 50 years reveals a gradual decreasing trend in the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved silicate (DSi). However, both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations have increased significantly since the 1970s. The frequency of and area covered by red tide outbreaks have increased greatly during this period, mainly due to changes in nutrient supply ratios [i.e., N/P (DIN/DIP), N/Si (DIN/DSi), P/Si (DIP/DSi)]. A strong correlation was found between the riverine DIN fluxes and the estimated DIN inputs from the major N sources, particularly fertilizers and atmospheric deposition. The data provide a comprehensive assessment of nutrients in the Yangtze River basin and their ecological impacts and indicate a potentially significant influence of atmospheric deposition on DIN loadings and fluxes.

 

关键词： atmospheric deposition / ecological impacts / nitrogen sources / nutrients / Yangtze delta    

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CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS

Yandan FU, Jiahui KANG, Ziyue LI, Xuejun LIU, Wen XU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 559-567 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020344

摘要： Intensifying human activity in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) has substantially increased nutrient concentrations in the Yangtze River Estuary, leading to degradation of the coastal environment. Analysis of nutrient determinations published over the past 50 years reveals a gradual decreasing trend in the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved silicate (DSi). However, both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations have increased significantly since the 1970s. The frequency and area covered by red tide outbreaks have increased greatly during this period, mainly due to changes in nutrient supply ratios [i.e., N/P (DIN/DIP), N/Si (DIN/DSi), P/Si (DIP/DSi)]. A strong correlation was found between the riverine DIN fluxes and the estimated DIN inputs from the major N sources, particularly fertilizers and atmospheric deposition. The data provide a comprehensive assessment of nutrients in the YRB and their ecological impacts and indicate a potentially significant influence of atmospheric deposition on DIN loadings and fluxes.

关键词： atmospheric deposition     ecological impacts     nitrogen sources     nutrients     Yangtze River Delta    

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Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1669-1

摘要：

● EE2 photodegradation behavior in the presence of four WWTPs’ DOM was explored.

关键词： Photosensitivity sources     17α-ethinylestradiol     Photodegradation     Dissolved organic matter     Wastewater treatment plants    

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Adaptive simulation of wave propagation problems including dislocation sources and random media

Hassan YOUSEFI, Jamshid FARJOODI, Iradj MAHMOUDZADEH KANI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期   页码 1054-1081 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0536-4

摘要： An adaptive Tikhonov regularization is integrated with an h-adaptive grid-based scheme for simulation of elastodynamic problems, involving seismic sources with discontinuous solutions and random media. The Tikhonov method is adapted by a newly-proposed detector based on the MINMOD limiters and the grids are adapted by the multiresolution analysis (MRA) via interpolation wavelets. Hence, both small and large magnitude physical waves are preserved by the adaptive estimations on non-uniform grids. Due to developing of non-dissipative spurious oscillations, numerical stability is guaranteed by the Tikhonov regularization acting as a post-processor on irregular grids. To preserve waves of small magnitudes, an adaptive regularization is utilized: using of smaller amount of smoothing for small magnitude waves. This adaptive smoothing guarantees also solution stability without over smoothing phenomenon in stochastic media. Proper distinguishing between noise and small physical waves are challenging due to existence of spurious oscillations in numerical simulations. This identification is performed in this study by the MINMOD limiter based algorithm. Finally, efficiency of the proposed concept is verified by: 1) three benchmarks of one-dimensional (1-D) wave propagation problems; 2) P-SV point sources and rupturing line-source including a bounded fault zone with stochastic material properties.

关键词： adaptive wavelet     adaptive smoothing     discontinuous solutions     stochastic media     spurious oscillations     Tikhonov regularization     minmod limiter    

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Liver cell therapies: cellular sources and grafting strategies

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 432-457 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1002-1

摘要： The liver has a complex cellular composition and a remarkable regenerative capacity. The primary cell types in the liver are two parenchymal cell populations, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, that perform most of the functions of the liver and that are helped through interactions with non-parenchymal cell types comprising stellate cells, endothelia and various hemopoietic cell populations. The regulation of the cells in the liver is mediated by an insoluble complex of proteins and carbohydrates, the extracellular matrix, working synergistically with soluble paracrine and systemic signals. In recent years, with the rapid development of genetic sequencing technologies, research on the liver’s cellular composition and its regulatory mechanisms during various conditions has been extensively explored. Meanwhile breakthroughs in strategies for cell transplantation are enabling a future in which there can be a rescue of patients with end-stage liver diseases, offering potential solutions to the chronic shortage of livers and alternatives to liver transplantation. This review will focus on the cellular mechanisms of liver homeostasis and how to select ideal sources of cells to be transplanted to achieve liver regeneration and repair. Recent advances are summarized for promoting the treatment of end-stage liver diseases by forms of cell transplantation that now include grafting strategies.

关键词： liver regeneration     hepatocytes     cholangiocytes     stem cells     organoids     regulatory mechanisms     transplantation/grafting strategies    

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扩大乙烯装置原料来源的思考与实践

曹湘洪

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第5期   页码 35-43

摘要：

从烃类原料裂解制乙烯的裂解性能和烃类馏份馏程及组成相关研究结果出发，提出了与世界乙烯原料轻质化的大趋势不同的扩大乙烯原料来源的思路：大庆原油的重馏份油即常三、减一线油和减二、减三线油酮苯脱蜡副产的蜡下油可以作乙烯原料。总结了该原料性能测试、模拟裂解炉评价及工业装置上应用的结果，证明该原料裂解时有较高的乙烯收率，也能保证裂解炉较长的运行周期，有明显的经济效益。

关键词： 乙烯     原料     来源    

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Screening the emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China by multi-effects evaluation

He NIU,Ziwei MO,Min SHAO,Sihua LU,Shaodong XIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0828-z

摘要： We develop a multi-effect evaluation method to assess integrated impact of VOCs. Enable policy-makers to identify important emission sources, regions, and key species. Solvent usage and industrial process are the most important anthropogenic sources. Styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene are key species to be cut. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the atmosphere via three main pathways: photochemical ozone formation, secondary organic aerosol production, and direct toxicity to humans. Few studies have integrated these effects to prioritize control measures for VOCs sources. In this study, we developed a multi-effects evaluation methodology based on updated emission inventories and source profiles, by combining the ozone formation potential (OFP), secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP), and VOC toxicity data. We derived species-specific emission inventories for 152 sources. The OFPs, SOAPs, and toxicity of each source were estimated, the contribution and sharing of source to each of these adverse effects were calculated. Weightings were given to the three adverse effects by expert scoring, and then the integrated effect was determined. Taking 2012 as the base year, solvent use and industrial process were found to be the most important anthropogenic sources, accounting for 24.2% and 23.1% of the integrated effect, respectively, followed by biomass burning, transportation, and fossil fuel combustion, each had a similar contribution ranging from 16.7% to 18.6%. The top five industrial sources, including plastic products, rubber products, chemical fiber products, the chemical industry, and oil refining, accounted for nearly 70.0% of industrial emissions. Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong were the five provinces contributing the largest integrated effects. For the VOC species from emissions showed the largest contributions were styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene.

关键词： Ozone formation     Secondary organic aerosol     Multi-effects evaluation     VOC abatement strategy    

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Potential sources of unintentionally produced PCB, HCB, and PeCBz in China: A preliminary overview

Xiaotu Liu, Heidelore Fiedler, Wenwen Gong, Bin Wang, Gang Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1036-9

摘要：

A preliminary analysis of potential sources for unintentionally produced PCB, HCB and PeCBz in China.

Activity rates of sources for reference years from 2000 to 2015 provided.

Emissions from a number of sources summarized and compared.

Implications for future research and regulation discussed.

关键词： Unintentionally produced POPs     Polychlorinated biphenyls     Hexachlorobenzene     Pentachlorobenzene     sources of releases     Annual production activities    

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Air pollution complex: Understanding the sources, formation processes and health effects

Min Shao,Shuxiao Wang,Armistead G. Russell

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0883-5

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Plastic materials and water sources actively select and shape wastewater plastispheres over time

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1580-1

摘要：

● Wastewater MPs exhibited resistomes and therefore health threats.

关键词： Microplastics     Whole-genome metagenomic sequencing     Plastisphere     Plastic degradation     MHETase    

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Efficient production of D-1,2,4-butanetriol from D-xylose by engineered

Shewei Hu, Qian Gao, Xin Wang, Jianming Yang, Nana Xu, Kequan Chen, Sheng Xu, Pingkai Ouyang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 772-779 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1731-x

摘要： We have developed a whole-cell bioconversion system for the production of D-1,2,4-butanetriol (BT) from renewable biomass. A plasmid pETduet- T7- T7- was constructed and transformed to BL21(DE3) to obtain the whole cells of BL21- capable of bioconversion D-xylose to BT. Then, the factors including carbon sources, nitrogen sources, metal ions, and culture conditions (pH, temperature, IPTG) were identified, and their effects on the whole-cell activity for BT production were investigated. To obtain the highest whole-cell activity, the optimal cultivation parameters are: 15 g·L yeast extract, 5 g·L sucrose, 3g·L KH PO , 5 g·L NaCl, 3g·L NH Cl, 0.25 g·L MgSO ?7H O and 1 mL·L the mixture of trace elements. With the optimized whole cells of BL21- , 60 g·L of xylose was converted to 28g·L BT with a molar yield of 66 %, which is higher than those reported in the biotechnological system.

关键词： D-1     2     4-butanetriol     whole-cell bioconversion     carbon source     nitrogen sources     metal ions     culture conditions    

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN AGROECOSYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 366-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022447

摘要：

● There is huge potential for improvement of nitrogen management in Australia.

关键词： Australian agroecosystems     reactive nitrogen     sustainable development    

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Seasonal variations of transport pathways andpotential sources of PM

Yuan Chen, Shaodong Xie, Bin Luo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1009-z

摘要： Seasonal pattern of transport pathways and potential sourcesof PM in Chengdu during 2012–2013were investigated based on hourly PM data,backward trajectories, clustering analysis, potential source contributionfunction (PSCF), and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) method.The annual hourly mean PM concentrationin Chengdu was 97.4 mg·m . 5, 5, 5 and 3 mean clusters were generatedin four seasons, respectively. Short-distance air masses, which travelledwithin the Sichuan Basin with no specific source direction and relativelyhigh PM loadings (>80 mg·m ) appearedas important pathways in all seasons. These short pathways indicatedthat emissions from both local and surrounding regions of Chengducontributed significantly to PM pollution.The cities in southern Chengdu were major potential sources with PSCF>0.6and CWT>90 mg·m . The northeastern pathway prevailed throughoutthe year with higher frequency in autumn and winter and lower frequencyin spring and summer. In spring, long-range transport from southernXinjiang was a representative dust invasion path to Chengdu, and theCWT values along the path were 30-60 mg·m . Long-range transportwas also observed in autumn from southeastern Xinjiang along a northwesterlypathway, and in winter from the Tibetan Plateau along a westerly pathway.In summer, the potential source regions of Chengdu were smaller thanthose in other seasons, and no long-range transport pathway was observed.Results of PSCF and CWT indicated that regions in Qinghai and Tibetcontributed to PM pollution in Chengdu aswell, and their CWT values increased to above 30 mg·m in winter.

关键词： Transport pathway     Backwardtrajectory     Clustering analysis     Potential source     Chengdu    

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Identification of pollution sources in rivers using a hydrodynamic diffusion wave model and improved

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1685-1

摘要：

● A hydrodynamic-Bayesian inference model was developed for water pollution tracking.

关键词： Identification of pollution sources     Water quality restoration     Bayesian inference     Hydrodynamic model     Inverse problem    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

DITCHES AND PONDS CAN BE THE SOURCES OR SINKS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: OBSERVATIONS IN AN UPLAND

期刊论文

CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS

期刊论文

CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS

Yandan FU, Jiahui KANG, Ziyue LI, Xuejun LIU, Wen XU

期刊论文

Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation

期刊论文

Adaptive simulation of wave propagation problems including dislocation sources and random media

Hassan YOUSEFI, Jamshid FARJOODI, Iradj MAHMOUDZADEH KANI

期刊论文

Liver cell therapies: cellular sources and grafting strategies

期刊论文

扩大乙烯装置原料来源的思考与实践

曹湘洪

期刊论文

Screening the emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China by multi-effects evaluation

He NIU,Ziwei MO,Min SHAO,Sihua LU,Shaodong XIE

期刊论文

Potential sources of unintentionally produced PCB, HCB, and PeCBz in China: A preliminary overview

Xiaotu Liu, Heidelore Fiedler, Wenwen Gong, Bin Wang, Gang Yu

期刊论文

Air pollution complex: Understanding the sources, formation processes and health effects

Min Shao,Shuxiao Wang,Armistead G. Russell

期刊论文

Plastic materials and water sources actively select and shape wastewater plastispheres over time

期刊论文

Efficient production of D-1,2,4-butanetriol from D-xylose by engineered

Shewei Hu, Qian Gao, Xin Wang, Jianming Yang, Nana Xu, Kequan Chen, Sheng Xu, Pingkai Ouyang

期刊论文

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN AGROECOSYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

期刊论文

Seasonal variations of transport pathways andpotential sources of PM

Yuan Chen, Shaodong Xie, Bin Luo

期刊论文

Identification of pollution sources in rivers using a hydrodynamic diffusion wave model and improved

期刊论文